Originally Posted by: Guus 
Thank you Jacques for posting answers in this very interesting topic.
Do you have any recommendation on how to replace a worn bushing? The bushing of the rear axle of my 3027 is completely worn.
It seems that it is not a good idea to press the old bushing out, is it? I remember reading somewhere that it is better practice to carefully drill it out.
Any advice is most welcome.
Hi Guus!
Not hard to do, it is rather a matter of having the "tricks" to get the right results!
With bushings, it is really a matter of having the proper tools and make the right decision wether to "replace" or "refill".
In the case of a 3027 and other similar Märklin loks of these vintages , where *all* axles are driven through gears, the precision of the axles' spacing is a little less critical since there is a little bit of longitudinal "play" in the coupling rods.
But what is paramount is perfect parallelism (and after re-assembly, perfect quartering of the drivers...) !
So rework or replace is the good choice in this case IMHO.
In a 3027 case, I'd press the worn bushing out, and first try to knurl the outside surface of the older part.
This procedure will tend to press the material together, reducing slightly the inner diameter and when re-inserted (with a parallel press!!) you will probably have compendated for the wear-out "play".
That failing, it is rather simple to use the lathe to make a new bushing.
Turn the outside diameter to be approx 0.05 mm (1/20 th mm)
larger than the hole in the chassis, but create a 0.5 mm chamfer on the edge to facilitate insertion in the chassis.
While still on the lathe, use a center drill to start the center hole, then drill it to 2.4 mm (or better to 2.45 mm if you have such drill)
Use lots of small strokes, clean off the chips on the drill after each stroke and use a lot of cutting oil to avoid overheating/breaking which always leads to an unusable part...
"
Since the hole you drill is always a little larger than the nominal diameter of the drill itself (due to a inherent but light "off-center" of the tip...), you'll have a good chance that the final hole diam is going to be "right on"....(i.e 2.53 to 2.55 mm)
Insert in the chassis (need a parallel press here..) and verify that the axle enters and turns without excessive play...
If not, use a hand reamer to progressively increase the inside dimension.
Work progressively and equally on both ends, so you will minimize induced alignment errors.
Most important tool:
patience!
Usually, working fast means failure.
Voilà..you're done!