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Offline river6109  
#51 Posted : 10 March 2017 13:41:30(UTC)
river6109

Australia   
Joined: 22/01/2009(UTC)
Posts: 14,873
Location: On 1965 Märklin Boulevard just around from Roco Square
Originally Posted by: RayF Go to Quoted Post
Marco, I'm very glad you were not hurt more seriously. Electric shocks at 230V can be fatal.

Thanks for acknowledging my earlier advice about old transformers. On my old metal transformer I changed the cord to a three core cable and earthed the case, but it is now retired from use and I replaced it with a new white transformer from a starter set.


Ray & Marco, I've warned members long before this and than Cookee came along and gave a step by step instruction how to repair such a transformer and this I condemned as well because this should be done by an qualified electrician and not by someone who feels he or she can do such repairs, however Cookee did warn any person of the danger doing such repair.

I'm still shocked to hear: oh well, lucky my children didn't get electrocuted, you must be the most irresponsible person I came across for a long time instead of spending a few dollars on save and insulated and earthed transformers and have a isolator circuit at the main electricity board. you are still trying to repair them.

if there is a law, people like you should be prosecuted , its not only the electrocution, it can cause a fire as well and none of these fatal possibilities you've considered at the slightest.

John
https://www.youtube.com/river6109
https://www.youtube.com/6109river
5 years in Destruction mode
50 years in Repairing mode
Offline river6109  
#52 Posted : 10 March 2017 13:46:59(UTC)
river6109

Australia   
Joined: 22/01/2009(UTC)
Posts: 14,873
Location: On 1965 Märklin Boulevard just around from Roco Square
Originally Posted by: kweekalot Go to Quoted Post
Yes, I have read Steve's thread. Blushing

BTW, the guy who sold me these transformers warned me that they did not comply with the German 'VDS-norm'
and might not be safe and such.


I had in mind to write: You're a bloody idiot but this is beyond insanity

John

/* An apology to Marco is in order here. Marco wrote these comments over two years ago. Whether you "had it in mind" or not, you actually wrote a personal attack. */

Edited by moderator 10 March 2017 23:13:11(UTC)  | Reason: Not specified

https://www.youtube.com/river6109
https://www.youtube.com/6109river
5 years in Destruction mode
50 years in Repairing mode
Offline kweekalot  
#53 Posted : 10 March 2017 22:48:12(UTC)
kweekalot

Netherlands   
Joined: 27/06/2012(UTC)
Posts: 3,476
Location: Holland
John, have you been drinking ? Or smoked something funny ?

Why now this attack on me ? This incident occurred in January 2015.

Please don't say these things and do not judge because you do not know me at all !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Leave judgement to qualified people.

Cursing Cursing Cursing
Offline cookee_nz  
#54 Posted : 11 March 2017 00:29:24(UTC)
cookee_nz

New Zealand   
Joined: 31/12/2010(UTC)
Posts: 3,991
Location: Paremata, Wellington
Originally Posted by: river6109 Go to Quoted Post
Originally Posted by: RayF Go to Quoted Post
Marco, I'm very glad you were not hurt more seriously. Electric shocks at 230V can be fatal.

Thanks for acknowledging my earlier advice about old transformers. On my old metal transformer I changed the cord to a three core cable and earthed the case, but it is now retired from use and I replaced it with a new white transformer from a starter set.


Ray & Marco, I've warned members long before this and than Cookee came along and gave a step by step instruction how to repair such a transformer and this I condemned as well because this should be done by an qualified electrician and not by someone who feels he or she can do such repairs, however Cookee did warn any person of the danger doing such repair.

I'm still shocked to hear: oh well, lucky my children didn't get electrocuted, you must be the most irresponsible person I came across for a long time instead of spending a few dollars on save and insulated and earthed transformers and have a isolator circuit at the main electricity board. you are still trying to repair them.

if there is a law, people like you should be prosecuted , its not only the electrocution, it can cause a fire as well and none of these fatal possibilities you've considered at the slightest.

John


In response to this, only because I've been quoted;

I made it very clear at the time that such work should ONLY be undertaken by those who are competent and qualified. The dangers have been spelled out by description and with images.

My "how to" posting was an educational post for the benefit of those who are going to do it anyway and the purpose is SAFETY above all else, it's not a "how to commit suicide" process.

There is no shortage of vintage or antique items that run on electricity and enthusiasts keen on restoring them. Radios, TV's, Computers (pre-1960), Kitchen and Catering Appliances, Office Equipment, Clocks, Jukeboxes, Lamps, Power Tools - (now there's a mine-field) and yes, TOYS from many manufacturers and on it goes.

Yet somehow items in all these categories of equipment can be found all over the world giving reliable and safe service PROVIDED they are serviced to current safety standards.

I will add a further recommendation to anyone who wishes to use one of the older Metal-case Trafo's, even if the power cord has been replaced, the internals thoroughly cleaned and closely inspected and the unit has had the case earthed, I would still STRONGLY RECOMMEND the use of an RCD either in the house circuit (ie in the switchboard as is now law), or via Power Strip containing an RCD or similar fast-acting safety cutout device.

The cautions of those who are in the very conservative safety camp are well-founded and I am not playing those down for a second. But as Marco's own experience proved, those Trafo's he purchased could just easily have been obtained by someone (a newbie) who does not participate in forums like this and who purchased the Trafo as part of a well-meaning first train set for a child. We simply cannot reach those people.

But this forum exists for those who do seek further information, and hopefully will take note of all advice given.

What about the layout construction threads?, do we interrogate people about whether they are competent to use the power tools (drills, saws etc) that are needed to drill or cut timber?, they might lose a finger, cut off a limb, send shards flying into their eyes from not wearing safety googles, or stabbing themselves with a screwdriver.

Or loco servicing where a soldering iron is required. Very easy to burn yourself from poor handling yet the assumption is that people already know what they are doing.

Scenery and Painting - there's a risk of fumes.

New Loco purchases, do we ask members if they are financially healthy, whether their wife knows so that we can do our part for marital harmony.....

Yes of course I'm getting facetious now but I hope I'm making my point. Those in the caution camp are quite right with their warnings, and I personally respect each and every one of you for your viewpoint and I mean absolutely NO offence.

I suspect that anyone who is even remotely uncertain around electricity will heed the warnings and simply purchase a new item instead.

For those who are right into their vintage items and collecting, these threads spell out very clearly what should be checked, and how to check it.

Once again, the repairs referred to should only be undertaken by qualified (electricians, technicians etc) and by definition, competent persons.

Steve / Cookee
Cookee
Wellington
NZ image
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Offline cookee_nz  
#55 Posted : 11 March 2017 00:39:55(UTC)
cookee_nz

New Zealand   
Joined: 31/12/2010(UTC)
Posts: 3,991
Location: Paremata, Wellington
Originally Posted by: Charles Beecham Go to Quoted Post

These old transformers used a rubber insulated cable, this cable breaks up with age and heat, houses of the same period used similar cable and would have been rewired by now.
Rewiring these transformers is straight forward for someone with this kind of experience. The case being metal makes it essential that the cable is replaced with 3 core to gain the earth wire which should be attached to the metal base using a screw with nuts and washers through a drilled hole.
The screw , first nut and ideally a star washer makes up the earth post two plain washers and the second nut make the cable termination. Its bad practice to attach the earth wire to screw used to secure another component.


Hi Charles, yes you are correct about securely connecting the earth lead.

Although your public profile does not confirm, the assumption from those reading is that you will be in a country where there actually IS an earth pin.

Many of these older Trafos only came with a 2-pin plug to be used on 2-pin outlets.

I don't know about the rest of the world but NZ, Australia and the UK all have earthed 3-pin outlets.

What is the standard in the US, Germany and surrounding Europe (Netherlands, France, Italy, Scandinavia etc)

And what about those other countries where we know there are other Marklineers? - India, South Africa, Asia, Mediterranean etc

If there is no earth pin on the outlets you can't do anything other than rely on the designed Double-Insulation and use of an RCD or similar fast-acting protection.

Steve


Cookee
Wellington
NZ image
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Offline river6109  
#56 Posted : 11 March 2017 06:02:45(UTC)
river6109

Australia   
Joined: 22/01/2009(UTC)
Posts: 14,873
Location: On 1965 Märklin Boulevard just around from Roco Square
Originally Posted by: kweekalot Go to Quoted Post
John, have you been drinking ? Or smoked something funny ?

Why now this attack on me ? This incident occurred in January 2015.

Please don't say these things and do not judge because you do not know me at all !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Leave judgement to qualified people.

Cursing Cursing Cursing


my apologies I didn't realize it was back in 2015

https://www.youtube.com/river6109
https://www.youtube.com/6109river
5 years in Destruction mode
50 years in Repairing mode
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Offline kweekalot  
#57 Posted : 11 March 2017 18:24:13(UTC)
kweekalot

Netherlands   
Joined: 27/06/2012(UTC)
Posts: 3,476
Location: Holland
Oke John, we all make mistakes. Cool
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Offline ChrisKenna  
#58 Posted : 12 November 2024 09:17:15(UTC)
ChrisKenna

Australia   
Joined: 10/10/2024(UTC)
Posts: 28
Location: NSW Australia
Originally Posted by: cookee_nz Go to Quoted Post
Words fail me.

Marco please believe I'm not having a dig at you at all, but I don't think the many warnings over the past few years, along with very detailed photo's showing exactly the same insulation damage you found will make a jot of difference to some people on this forum.

With the holiday season just over here in NZ we are reeling from an horrendous road-toll. A lot of them were what the Fuzz term "single-car accidents", ie a driver who has run off the road, into a tree, a ditch whatever, with no one else involved. But also plenty of accidents involving two or more vehicles, crossing the center line, dangerous overtaking, speed and of course alcohol.

And what's the one single thing absolutely 100% in common behind every one of these events? Quite simply it's the blase attitude of......

IT WON'T HAPPEN TO ME!!

And look, it did, it happened to you our dear friend but as you so rightly pointed out, it could soooo easily have been one (or both) of your boys and this story could be a tragedy with far-reaching consequences.

7 years and a few days ago my much-loved Son got into a vehicle with a person who had been drinking, at least a little, most likely a lot. My Son had an opportunity and choice before getting in to assess the environment and decide what course of action to choose. He chose very unwisely and as many of you here know he paid the ultimate price. And the irony was, 3 days before when I last saw him my final words as I headed out the door knowing he was going on holiday with mates were "Please drive safely, I could not bear to bury you"

So I trust with all sincerity that you will forgive my little rant, and accept also that when it comes to things like this, I get just a little angry as well because sometimes the choices we make (or the warning we ignore) have an impact we could never imagine in our worst nightmares.

PLEASE - EVERYONE still using any of these older Trafo's, unless you have had the mains cord professionally checked end to end, and simply replaced if more than about 30 years old, STOP NOW.

Pay to get it checked, or put a sledge-hammer through it, but don't leave it to become someone's funeral. And do not ever ever ever pass an unchecked trafo on to someone else who may be blissfully unaware of this hidden danger.

It can and as we have seen with Marco's experience, it just could happen to YOU.

I feel quite ill at the thought.


Very sorry to hear of the tragic loss of your son. Regards, Chris
With respect and thanks to Ngannawal, Ngambri and all First Nations people
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Offline Wolfram_Stn  
#59 Posted : 12 November 2024 16:36:49(UTC)
Wolfram_Stn

France   
Joined: 14/02/2024(UTC)
Posts: 59
Location: Grand-Est, Alsace
There is less risk with a transformer that has never been opened than with another that has been "restored". The one in the first bill had been opened before, since the brown paper card on the bottom has been removed. That's why Marco has got the electrical shock. With all paper cards in place, it is simply impossible that even a cable with no more insulation on it can ever touch the transfo body. And no decomposed insulation can ever stick on the metal, since there is always a card between!
These transfos do not correspond to modern rules, but they correspond to class II insulation, which will say "double safety".
That's the reason why you MUST NOT branch a third wire on the cord - you have a higher risk to electrocution than the original wiring, since on some older house installations, the third wire is just connected to the N pole, and you may give tension on the transfo body by branching it to the "ground".

Clearly, the rule is the same as for commas in english writing: IF IN DOUBT, LEAVE IT OUT.
Never use a transformer if you are not fine with it, prefer a verification to any danger.

But there is no reason to fail in panic and declare all these transformers insafe: as long as the connection cord is fine, and until someone unqualified has opened them, they are not dangerous.
If you want to verify, ask to someone who knows, who has a business with that and who is fine to certify the safety of your transformer by posing his name on it, "verified (date) by (name, firm name, address)".

Or use them as door stop, as bookshelf separator, as desk decoration - you may even empty the case and put some cookies in, that's a fine eyecatcher on the christmas table !


And, while I am very sad for @cookee_nz having lost his son, I think you must not compare what is not comparable. Getting in a car driven by a drunken driver is like putting the knitting needles in the wall plug: you know you will suffer. That's what we all say to our children, and we just can hope (and pray, maybe) that they hear it and obey...
Old transformers are like old vehicles, some are rolling bombs and other are not, but they are not systematically insafe, and incompetent "reparations" may upgrade the risk instead of lowering it. Do never touch at what you do not know, and give the work in the hands of specialists - if it's your brakes, or your transformers. And if you get on a handicrafted and fiddled one, take your distances! Marco's transformer clearly has been handicrafted, that's why it was dangerous.

Shortly: be careful, but don't panic.
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Offline HO Collector  
#60 Posted : 12 November 2024 21:44:45(UTC)
HO Collector

United Kingdom   
Joined: 21/02/2016(UTC)
Posts: 219
Location: Just north of London
I have an 'O' gauge set from 1936 with the original transformer and wiring. I never use it without a Leak Protector connected to the wall socket, this is on top of the houses protector.
Offline Purellum  
#61 Posted : 12 November 2024 23:15:12(UTC)
Purellum

Denmark   
Joined: 08/11/2005(UTC)
Posts: 3,528
Location: Mullerup, 4200 Slagelse
Cool

Originally Posted by: Wolfram_Stn Go to Quoted Post
There is less risk with a transformer that has never been opened than with another that has been "restored". The one in the first bill had been opened before, since the brown paper card on the bottom has been removed. That's why Marco has got the electrical shock. With all paper cards in place, it is simply impossible that even a cable with no more insulation on it can ever touch the transfo body. And no decomposed insulation can ever stick on the metal, since there is always a card between!
These transfos do not correspond to modern rules, but they correspond to class II insulation, which will say "double safety".
That's the reason why you MUST NOT branch a third wire on the cord - you have a higher risk to electrocution than the original wiring, since on some older house installations, the third wire is just connected to the N pole, and you may give tension on the transfo body by branching it to the "ground".



I'm sorry; but you're very wrong in some of your points here.

These older transformers didn't have the cardboard inlay in the bottom, when manufactured.

Also, and very important here, they are not "Class II" but "Class 2" ( Class 2b actually ), which is something completely different.

Class II means double insulated, which these transformers have never been.

Class 2 means that the output / secondary voltage and current / power are limited. ( e.g UL 5085-1 and UL 5085-3 )

The actual specifications differ a little country- and region-specific; but generally less than 30Vrms and 100VA to be Class 2.

A few things you should read, before giving dangerous and potentially deadly advice on old transformers:

https://www.xppower.com/...-class-ii-power-supplies

https://www.upowertek.co...vs-class-ii-led-drivers/

Later Märklin transformers were both Class 2b AND Class II, like this one:

Edit: P.S: It's also Class A, which refers to temperature Cool


UserPostedImage

Per.

Cool

Edited by user 13 November 2024 07:38:54(UTC)  | Reason: Not specified

If you can dream it, you can do it!

I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. This applies worldwide.

In case this is not legally possible:
I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

UserPostedImage
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Offline cookee_nz  
#62 Posted : 13 November 2024 21:12:44(UTC)
cookee_nz

New Zealand   
Joined: 31/12/2010(UTC)
Posts: 3,991
Location: Paremata, Wellington
Originally Posted by: Wolfram_Stn Go to Quoted Post


There is less risk with a transformer that has never been opened than with another that has been "restored". The one in the first bill had been opened before, since the brown paper card on the bottom has been removed. That's why Marco has got the electrical shock. With all paper cards in place, it is simply impossible that even a cable with no more insulation on it can ever touch the transfo body. And no decomposed insulation can ever stick on the metal, since there is always a card between!
These transfos do not correspond to modern rules, but they correspond to class II insulation, which will say "double safety".
That's the reason why you MUST NOT branch a third wire on the cord - you have a higher risk to electrocution than the original wiring, since on some older house installations, the third wire is just connected to the N pole, and you may give tension on the transfo body by branching it to the "ground".

Clearly, the rule is the same as for commas in english writing: IF IN DOUBT, LEAVE IT OUT.
Never use a transformer if you are not fine with it, prefer a verification to any danger.

But there is no reason to fail in panic and declare all these transformers insafe: as long as the connection cord is fine, and until someone unqualified has opened them, they are not dangerous.
If you want to verify, ask to someone who knows, who has a business with that and who is fine to certify the safety of your transformer by posing his name on it, "verified (date) by (name, firm name, address)".

Or use them as door stop, as bookshelf separator, as desk decoration - you may even empty the case and put some cookies in, that's a fine eyecatcher on the christmas table !

And, while I am very sad for @cookee_nz having lost his son, I think you must not compare what is not comparable. Getting in a car driven by a drunken driver is like putting the knitting needles in the wall plug: you know you will suffer. That's what we all say to our children, and we just can hope (and pray, maybe) that they hear it and obey...
Old transformers are like old vehicles, some are rolling bombs and other are not, but they are not systematically insafe, and incompetent "reparations" may upgrade the risk instead of lowering it. Do never touch at what you do not know, and give the work in the hands of specialists - if it's your brakes, or your transformers. And if you get on a handicrafted and fiddled one, take your distances! Marco's transformer clearly has been handicrafted, that's why it was dangerous.

Shortly: be careful, but don't panic.


Thank you for the input on this resurrected thread.

Since you have made a couple of bold statement (in CAPITALS) they will be conveyed as statements of fact, however they deserve further comment.

1: The condition of the line-cord is the PRIME concern. The rubber insulation around the internal wires carrying the dangerous electricity is the main safety problem with these very old devices.

But, because the degraded insulation is enclosed within the outer sheath, which usually remains intact with no obvious damage, it cannot be seen except by exposing it. Usually this can be most easily checked at the plug-end, or, where it terminates within the Trafo. However within the cord, as the rubber disintegrates and crumbles, the internal wires can still short-circuit from handling, and this could lead to burning or damage of the outer sheath = high danger risk.

So the opening up of the Trafo does not further increase the risk, it's already there, but is more obvious or 'dramatic'.

2: The debate about whether to ground the case of the Trafo has been raised many times. Those countries where there are only two wires in the line-cord don't have a choice, unless they wish to use the provided earth-screw on the earlier models, (see image below). Other countries where a 3-pin plug is used do have an earth which makes it easy. Here in NZ, Earth is tied to Neutral at the power board. Grounding the metal case will not normally cause any issues.

I am curious about the statement in the image which says the earth terminal is for use on "stone floors". ? - perhaps the German text provides more information. I note also that the external earth terminal was dropped soon after this. Perhaps it was found not to be an issue in real-life?

If anyone has an original 280A leaflet that came with one, what does that say? Add a scan of it.

If you are a suitably qualified electrical practitioner, don't be shy about it, your credentials add weight to your comment. ThumpUp

Regards


1951-p34-280A.jpg
Cookee
Wellington
NZ image
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Offline JohnjeanB  
#63 Posted : 13 November 2024 22:28:26(UTC)
JohnjeanB

France   
Joined: 04/02/2011(UTC)
Posts: 3,550
Location: Paris, France
Hi
The mentioned Märklin transformer 280A was in formity with the preciptions in Europe THEN.
It is a fact that:
- to autorise a metal body without requiring a grounding plug was VERY DANGEROUS
- the previous transformer 280A (sorry but Märklin kept the same number) as it was in the very early fifties with 6 rear plugs was less dangerous because it providedf a grounding plug to connect a ground wire if desired.
- all Märklin transfos in the period 1945-1960 had a wire including rubber for insulation (black very flexible cable). It deteriorated depending on the temperature and on one of mine it was falling apart with a very high risk of an electric shock from the metal case or a simple short on the mains
- changing the power cord (ideally including a ground connection is a huge jump towards safety) but NOTHING beats a plastic / non-conductive casing

Here is the problem in one image on a 6117 30 VA Märklin Transformer mid sixties with a blue metal casing

Marklin Transfo bleu arriere.png

It is clear to see that if any wire of the power cord comes into accidental contact with the casing, a child may be killed.
So IMO it is best never to leave these transformers in the hand of children
Cheers
Jean
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Offline marklinist5999  
#64 Posted : 13 November 2024 22:43:20(UTC)
marklinist5999

United States   
Joined: 10/02/2021(UTC)
Posts: 3,865
Location: Michigan, Troy
That's SHOCKINGLY SCARY TOO!
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Offline David Dewar  
#65 Posted : 13 November 2024 23:51:39(UTC)
David Dewar

Scotland   
Joined: 01/02/2004(UTC)
Posts: 7,447
Location: Scotland
Just buy an up to date transformer which will run the railway safely for years.
Take care I like Marklin and will defend the worlds greatest model rail manufacturer.
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