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Thanks everyone for the answers... But what is, and more over why do I want a "program track"? Does it need to be a full blown circuit track?
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Hello SAM,
As a starting reference point I direct you to the instructions in most Märklin manuals for locomotives with "soft" decoders (Those without DIP switches).
Under "Setting Locomotive Parameters with the Control Unit" you will see a convoluted set of instructions on how to use a 6021 to "program" the decoders values.
The procedure works, but involves amongst other things, resetting the controller, holding your tongue out and to the left, setting address 80, praying , watching out for blinking lights ...
Here's the rub .... while you will successfully program the locomotive you want ... you will also reprogram ANY OTHER locomotive (with a soft programmable decoder)
Therefore the concept of a
programming track allows for a separate feed of programming commands without affecting locos/decoders already on the main layout (i.e. you do not have to unplug/replug the wires every time you wish to change a single locomotives configuration)
In fact the rest of the layout can continue to operate while you go through the programming steps.
The programming track, when not in programming mode, operates just like the main track and could even be a mini layout for testing - see below for comment about reduced current rating. However when you enter a programing mode you will hear a relay click within the CS1/CS2. When this happens the CS is just automatically going through the same steps that are described for the 6021 - but without as much praying.
TIP: sometimes it is uncertain when a programing operation has finished, especially if there are no lights. By listing for the 2 clicks - one at the start and one at the end - you will know when the job is done.
Additionally, The programming track is also used in the "address scan detection" feature (for when the address has been forgotten and you do not want to just overwrite a new one). For some decoders this can only be done by sending the correct address (the controller will step through them all) and detecting the (minuscule) change in current drawn. It is unrealistic for this to reliably work with a full layout connected with its, potentially, large variations in load from trains and accessories.
The programming track is also rated for less current draw and quicker safeguards for cutout.
The thinking here is that if you are testing and performing the initial configuration of a newly installed/upgraded decoder, it is more likely that there has been an inadvertent incorrect wire connection or a wiring short - rather than an operation spark (shoe touching the frog of a point) that can be "pushed through". Thus saving both the decoder and the control unit from undue stress and damage and allowing for inspection and correction of ones work.
There has also been a reference to the use of the programming track for mFX decoder registration. Neither the CS1 nor CS2 distinguish between the main track of programming track for detection and registration. However , as with the comment about unpredictable load likely on ones main layout, using the programming track MAY be more reliable because of less distractions and variations in the power during the registration process. Personally I have not had a problem registering mFX decoders on the main track.