The 6021 Control Unit has 4 settable DIP switches on the back side of it. These change the characteristics of the 6021 Control Unit in different ways... 

Here's an attempt to explain the different functions:
 

  OFF position (down) ON position (up)
DIP 1 Old Märklin protocol enabled Old Märklin protocol disabled if DIP 2 is ON, otherwise no effect
DIP 2 New Märklin protocol disabled New Märklin protocol enabled
DIP 3 Standard pacing of commands to the track Fast (continuous) pacing of commands to the track (DIP 2 must be ON)
DIP 4 Full voltage to the track, normal state  Reduces the output voltage to about 12 V. This was probably meant for a future "Z-digital" or other stuff that might come. However, this can also be used in station areas where a lower speed is preferred too... 

Q & A

Can I use these settings freely with all my locos ?
- No, it depends on the decoder chip version on the loco decoder board.

Do these settings affect accessory decoders as the 6083 too ?
- No, the accessory decoder signals are not affected, the commands to these are sent at an other frequency than commands to locos.

What does "Old" and "New" Märklin protocol mean ?
- Basically, the "New" protocol has an absolute direction setting embedded into the command, i.e. locos are direction sensitive also to speed commands. Older decoders are not, they only react on the "reverse" command.

How do I know which loco will run with which setting ?
- You will have to examine the chip version on the loco decoder, and look at the table below.

What does the DIP 3 on-setting mean to me ?
- If you run by 6050/51 and computer, you will see a significantly shorter "reaction" time from loco decoders, the throughput from the computer to the track is higher.
 

The impact of different settings
 

Setting Chip Zymos Chip LME03 Chip 701.13 Chip 701.17 and later
Works, default forward after a power-up Works, default forward after a power-up Works, default forward after a power-up Works, but with unpredictable startup direction, no absolute direction commands
Works, default forward after a power-up Works, default forward after a power-up Runs, but is not  direction sensitive,
default forward after power-up.
Works, 6021 controls the direction, but usually starts backwards (6021 default), sometimes unpredictable reversing.. 
Some work, some don't... Will not reverse Runs, but is not  direction sensitive,
default forward after power-up.
Works, 6021 controls the direction, but usually starts backwards (6021 default) 
Some work, some don't...  Dead The optimum setting for this chip when run by computer and 605x interface As above, but faster reaction. Optimum setting regarding response time

The new decoders with extra functions, for e.g. sound, need the DIP 2 to be ON, which means that the direction-sensitive protocol is also enabled. This leads to a total mess on the layout if you operate it by computer with the 605x Interface since you can not control the command format for each loco. The only usable solutions for computer operations are either to have a "Direct Control" software directly feeding a booster, or to get the Uhlenbrock/Modeltreno Intellibox that has an extended command set to handle the direction sensitive speed commands from the computer. 

Too bad that Märklin has introduced a new loco decoder format that can't be handled by their own 6051 box..... 
But absolute direction is definitely the way to go, so don't buy an older decoder unless you plan to use your 6020 Central Unit for a long time or plan to get an Intellibox, since the IB can be set to transmit either the old or new format on each individual loco address..... 

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